Human Physical Appearance and Women Essay

Throughout these moments in time, the term beauty has slipped out of control and become something utterly dissimilar. The significance of beauty has developed into something so unappealing, so unpleasant, so repugnant, that even now society is coming to the apprehension that the way they are portraying the description of beauty is erroneous. Over time, ‘beauty’ has evolved to something rather peripheral. Being beautiful is turning into an undesirable act, that most girls will go into extremes, just to get a sense of feeling ‘beautiful. ’ Although beauty is now considered something by which your looks will define, during Greek times â€Å"beauty was a virtue: a kind of excellence. Person’s then were assumed to be what we now have to call – lamely, enviously – whole persons. If it did occur to the Greeks to distinguish between a person’s â€Å"inside† and â€Å"outside†, they expected that inner beauty would be matched by beauty of the other kind† (313, Sontag). Nevertheless, there was once a time where beauty was interpreted or described as something internal, unlike now, beauty goes more towards the looks. â€Å"Beautiful† people have lots going on for them. They are more confident, make more money, and get promoted faster than their â€Å"less attractive† colleagues. But for the career – driven women, beauty is a no-win situation; the public wants you to be attractive, but, at the same time, not so beautiful that it is off-putting. People might say that looks shouldn’t matter, but in the real world, they do. Women try so hard to look their best, and at the same time, feel their best. Women struggle a lot in trying to â€Å"fit in† to what society sees as being beautiful. Women nowadays alter their body parts, faces, and their diets in order to feel satisfied with themselves. A universal obsession that girls have been approaching with is that that they must be required to look a certain way to be thought of as pretty. Girls look up to celebrities and models and see how skinny, scrawny, almost skeletal, and undernourished they are and they get this idea that they must look like that in order to be noticed. A widespread trend that has been going around has been that of the name anorexia and bulimia. Starving yourself, or eating excessively and then purging – girls see it as something they must do in order to feel good about themselves. They glimpse these famous figures with their collarbones showing, thigh gaps, small waists, and they get this state of mind that they must achieve that to feel beautiful. Society and mass media are barraging women with images that portray what is considered to be the â€Å"ideal body. † Such standards of beauty are almost completely unattainable for most women; a majority of the models displayed on television and in advertisements are well below what is considered healthy body weight. Mass media’s use of such unrealistic models sends an implicit message that in order for a woman to be considered beautiful, she must be unhealthy. And this is what beauty is defined as in our time. Body image is a complicated aspect of the self-concept that concerns an individual’s perceptions and feelings about their body and physical appearance. Females of all ages seem to be so vulnerable in this area, starting off in their pre-teen years, going along throughout their existence. Body dissatisfaction is something that goes through most women or young girls at some point in their lives. Females have been found to experience dissatisfaction with physical appearance at a much higher rate than males, and women of all ages and sizes display body image disturbance. Concern over weight and appearance related issues often surfaces in a woman’s early life. Body dissatisfaction and disordered eating patterns have been found to be an especially prevalent issue in adolescent and college females. Body image becomes a major issue as females go through puberty; girls in mid-adolescence frequently report being dissatisfied with weight, fearing further weight gain, and being preoccupied with weight loss. This is a problem that we are now facing, and because of this many girls are suffering and going through difficult times, juts to feel good about themselves. The 20th century has seen a huge upsurge in the importance placed by Western society on physical beauty, particularly for women. The fashion, cosmetics and plastic surgery industries have thrived on 20th century preoccupation with physical appearance. It is a preoccupation that affects women in every sphere, whether they choose to pander to it or not. Definitions of beauty in the 20th century, when referring to human physical  beauty, are nearly always constructed in terms of outward appearance and sexual attractiveness. Images in the media today project an unrealistic and even dangerous standard of feminine beauty that can have a powerful influence on the way women view themselves. From the perspective of the mass media, thinness is idealized and expected for women to be considered â€Å"attractive. † Images in advertisements, television, and music usually portray the â€Å"ideal woman† as tall, white, and thin, with a â€Å"tubular† body, and blonde hair. This representation that is being portrayed has been a vast difficulty that girls are coming across of. They don’t feel beautiful, thus altering their ways of eating and the way they look very drastically in order to fit in. Only a very small percentage of women in Western countries meet the criteria the media uses to define â€Å"beautiful†; yet so many women are repeatedly exposed to media images that send the message that a woman is not acceptable and attractive if she does not match society’s â€Å"ultra-thin† standard of beauty. In recent years, women’s body sizes have grown larger, while societal standards of body shape have become much thinner. This discrepancy has made it increasingly difficult for most women to achieve the current sociocultural â€Å"ideal. † Such a standard of perfection is unrealistic and even dangerous. Many of the models shown on television, advertisements, and in other forms of popular media are approximately 20% below ideal body weight, thus meeting the diagnostic criteria for anorexia nervosa. Research has repeatedly shown that constant exposure to thin models fosters body image concerns and disordered eating in many females. Almost all forms of the media contain unrealistic images, and the negative effects of such idealistic portrayals have been demonstrated in numerous studies. The mass media’s depiction of women portrays a standard of beauty that is unrealistic and unattainable for a majority of women in society. Models shown in all forms of popular media are often under what is considered healthy body weight, which sends a powerful message that women must sacrifice their health to be considered attractive by societal standards. The negative effects of ultra-thin media images of women have been well documented; research has shown that females who are repeatedly exposed to and internalize the thin ideal are at greater risk to develop body image disturbance and eating pathology. Although it is clear that the media influences the way women view themselves, it is unclear how this process takes place. The social comparison theory, cultivation theory, and self-schema theory can be used to examine how media images of women come to affect the way women feel about their bodies and physical appearance. These perspectives also give some explanation for why some women show resilience to the negative effects of the media, while others are dramatically impacted. Nevertheless, beauty has become something rather disturbing and unwell. The image of beauty has been portrayed onto something so popularized that mostly all women around the world are being affected by it. Women are changing their ways and changing themselves to feel as if they fit in to what society expects of it. Beauty is still evolving, and is changing throughout the time, not for the better but for the worst.

Advantages And Disadvantages Of Colonialism History Essay

Advantages And Disadvantages Of Colonialism History Essay Colonialism is the establishment, maintenance, acquisition and expansion of colonies in one territory by the people of another territory. It can also be defined as the control that a country or government holds over the territory and the people in a foreign country. It is also the policy of extending national authority over foreign territories. This is when the people of a particular region do not have control over anything in their territory. Colonialism took place because some countries were powerful than other countries even though they were small regionally they dominate it because of their own reasons. Before colonialism, there were no schools, churches and industries, survival required hard work and sacrifice. Resources were one of the main reasons why the British colonised Africa and generating wealth for their mother country, because of this many people in the colonies were forced to slavery or labourers to work on plantation, they planted cash crops such as cocoa and tobacc o. The colonies tried using Native Americans slaves but Native Americans knew the land and ran away because plenty of them died due to diseases and other things. The colonies also paid for Europeans to immigrate to the years. In return, the immigrants worked without pay for a number of years. All the colonies used slave labour; they enslaved thousands of Africans to toil on their fields. The mouth of the slaves were pierced and locked with padlock so that they won’t eat from what they were planting especially the sugar plantation and also with chains on their necks, hands and legs. The slaves were treated as if they were not humans by the colonial masters, they maltreated them badly by treating them cruelly beating them, starving or even killing them; it reduced the population of Africa because most of the slaves died because of hunger and also there was no people to farm and provide food for those who were not captured because all the strong and young men who could farm wher e captured, it led them to poverty. Slavery destroyed civilization and led to the underdevelopment of the colonies. Africans were looked upon as inferior and dull people who are only good at working as labourers and doing house works by the colonial masters. The children of slaves automatically became slaves too Lack of respect for traditions is an effect of colonialism, the traditions of the colonies where not respected by the colonial masters, they did not value the culture of their colonies at all, they completely took over the way of life of their colonies. The traditions of the people were abandoned by the colonial masters especially the French in their colonies; they tried to make the people French in the mode of dressing, language and other things (policy of assimilation), which of course worked in some areas and didn’t in some. The colonies made the people to adapt to new culture because the colonial masters believe that their culture is superior to that of the black. But also colonialism removed and abolished the bad part of pre-colonial culture because it had the power to eliminate damaging social trends and older ideals. Before the coming of colonial masters; in some part of West Africa especially Nigeria twins were killed because they were considered as evil, taboo or some sort of bad luck to their parents. They either throw them in the jungle to die or drown them in rivers, with the advance of colonialism that practice was abolished and is regarded as a primitive and horrific practice and stopped it. They also stopped the bad way women were treated, women back then were seen as baby producing machine, they were disdain in the society, arranging the house and cooking meal was what it was believed they were good at. With the advancement of colonialism Sati practice was abolished in India. Sati was traditional practice whereby the first wife of a deceased husband would throw herself or be thrown at the fire on the day of her husband’s f uneral it serves as a way through which she will show her mourning.

Hobbies, sports, film, current events etc Essay

Hobbies, sports, film, current events etc - Essay Example When this balance is disturbed in any way, there is bound to be trouble. Gunfire is not something that I like to hear even today. I have had the chance to think about my life in Somalia since I have been in America. There are so many things I like about my new home. There is a feeling of safety here that most Americans take for granted. When they see a person in a uniform, such as a police officer or a soldier, they can assume this person is not going to herm them, arrest them for no problem or make trouble for them unless they have broken laws. This is not the guarantee in Somalia. I also like the food in America. Fast is something that most people say is unhealthy, but I like to eat it sometimes. It is so different from the food at home. There are many things I like about America, but I will always feel like a Somali, even though I know my homeland is a dangerous place for many people. Essay #2 Sports Watching sports on television is something that I have learned to love since comi ng to the United States. Most people in America are crazy about sports. I have been lucky to have friends that invite me over to watch soccer on their televisions everywhere I go. My favorite sport in Somalia was soccer. We played it informally in the street. I'm a fan of professional soccer in America and like to watch any game that DC United plays. I have never lived in Washington DC but my friend did. He loved DC United so I became a fan. I like professional American soccer but actually prefer to watch the Premier League in Europe. I like to watch any game Arsenal plays. I am having a difficult time learning about the American sports of baseball and football. I like baseball much more because I lived near to where the Angels play in Pasadena, California. I like to watch baseball games, but only for a while. The game is sometimes slow. I do not like American football. I do not see what the individual players are doing and they are always stopping and starting the action. It is a s low game that many people seem to love. Catching the ball is difficult to do because it is oddly shaped. If I had to choose between watching baseball or football, I would choose baseball. Essay #3 History of Lewiston, Maine Lewiston, Maine is one of the towns where I have in America. There were lots of other Somali’s there. It is a place that gets very cold in the winter and is different that Somalia in nearly every way. I was wondering about the history of this place and why so many Somali’s were settling in such a cold place. I learned that Lewiston used to be a town that was very rich. There were factories that made cotton cloth and other textiles. These textiles were sold all over the United States and around the world. After America’s civil war, all of the factories were moved to the south so that people who had lost the war could have jobs. This meant that Lewiston got poorer and poorer. For a long time, it looked like Lewiston was going to be a town that could not stay alive. During the civil war in Somalia, many Somali’s like me came to America to live. I have lived in many places, such as Atlanta, Georgia and Pasadena, California. Some Somali’s heard about Lewiston, Maine and went there to live because it was nicer than other places that were taking Somali’s. Once word spread, lots of Somali’s went there to live. In Lewiston, there were some people that didn’t like all the Somali’s living in one spot. They didn’t like seeing different people. What has been good

Developing People and Planning Work Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 3250 words

Developing People and Planning Work - Assignment Example The role of a team player is to contribute and participate whole-heartedly. Understanding the responsibilities and expectations of the team and aligning them to the organizational goals, will enable the player to progress on a personal level as well as a team member. By offering support to the other team members and arriving at a plan and executing the task within timelines will enhance the team performance. A good team manager who in addition to performing the roles of a team player, also tries to bring out the best in his team, by leveraging on the strength of the members and playing down their weaknesses. A team has been defined as "a small number of people with complementary skills who are equally committed to a common purpose, goal, and working approach for which they hold themselves mutually accountable."(Katzenbach, Smith, 1993). A group of people does not constitute a team. A team has clearly defined goals and performance objectives for which members are individually and collectively accountable. A team is characterized by being trained and in communication with its other members. Its members support each other, officially and personally and share expertise to achieve project goals. Teams have a set of rules that are enforced and take time to develop and achieve the highest level of performance. The role of performance measures is measurements of performance that serve to inform the organization about the efficiency of achieving predetermined goals. This continuous monitoring serves the purpose of controlling the progress of the work within a specified framework and should corrective action be required, timely intervention is made possible. Motivation Motivation as a business concept Motivation may be defined as the inner force that drives individuals to accomplish personal and organizational goals. Traditionally, employees were just a part of the business entity and were not treated as a valuable asset. However with the Hawthorne Studies began the human relations approach to management, whereby the needs and motivation of employees become the primary focus of managers (Bedeian, 1993). It did not take long for them to realize that motivated employees are more productive and contribute to better overall efficiencies of the organization. Therefore, the onus was on the manager to make sure that the employee was motivated and this was quite a challenge due to the complexity of human nature. Each unique individual had different reasons to be motivated and different methods that were effective and this made it arguably really complex. Source from website http://www.accel-team.com/motivation/index.html Assess motivation of team Teams that are motivated often possess these characteristics Purpose: When teams have a specific purpose, goal or a mission, then the members are united towards a specific path and are motivated to travel along it. Challenge: Motivation is generally high when the task is challenging and has a level of difficulty that excites the team members to perform better. However, if the task is too difficult, members may give up or if it is too easy, members just slack and take it easy. Camaraderie: When team members genuinely like each other, they work harder together and are often

Source Analysis paper Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words - 1

Source Analysis paper - Essay Example However, issues on how to implement the rights derived from the laws of nature came out and were scrutinized by those who voiced their concerns with regards to the clauses in the declaration about freedom and equality such as the upper class elite whites, the working-class white males with properties and those without, females, the slaves, and the native Indians who were pushed on the brink of disappearing. The differences in the ideals and beliefs concerning equality among various members of the public generated questionable governance which further erupted during the civil war, of which such problems as contradicting ideas in running the society, economy, and politics stemmed up from the unyielding of some patriarch-minded people to allow each and everyone in the society the same amount of liberty and justice that white males have enjoyed. Before discussing the contradictions that lead to issues on governance as stipulated in the Declaration of Independence, the Laws of Nature comp ared to man-made laws such as those imposed by the British Empire will be elaborated first. Puritan John Locke wrote his ideas on how the Natural Laws were able to shape how mankind thinks through reason, and gives explanation as to why there is a strong need for America to become independent from Britain altogether. One of his strongest arguments is that due to the natural order of things, wherein all people were born equal regardless of status or color, it can be expected that discord will arise from the public once this natural right has been revoked (Fiege 72). The loosening of the British Empire’s hold over the colonies came up as the result of the violation of the natural law, especially since it treats not just the colonists but its entire population as people of lower status, further causing problems in controlling and ruling both the colonies beyond the Atlantic Ocean and the rest of the British population in general (75). The same can be said with regards to the rig ht of property and life, wherein the British Empire’s strong hold on tax collections from the colonies and of stripping private property to become the public’s were overturned due to the natural law which states that anything a person works for and builds into becomes a part of himself, and becomes his own property (72; 77). By virtue of the natural law the colonists do not have any obligation to pay taxes to the British Empire since these are all the product of their toiling in their own lands, in a place far away from the mother country. Lastly, the natural right to live independently and in sovereign was invoked, which was mainly due to the growing differences between how the colonists and the British Empire think and manage society. Due to the violation of the rights of liberty and property through threats from the British army and the tyrannical rule of the monarchs, the colonists defended their stance in separating from the mother country altogether by declaring themselves to have a different way of thinking and living, and must therefore be provide for their own safety and security in the process of changing towards a much more independent society and less of a monarchic one (73). Using the natural laws in explaining basic human needs such as the right for equality, for life, and for

The issue of lurking doubt Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

The issue of lurking doubt - Essay Example But after the passing of CAA 1966, the court is now vested with the power of allowing an appeal against a conviction if the court feels that the jury’s verdict should be discarded on the basis that the case is unsafe or not acceptable or does not satisfy all conditions. Lord Widgery stated that a court must leave the objective part of a case and take a subjective measure of the case analysis. The subjective measure proposed by Widgery is that the court should decide whether to let the matter rest as it is or whether they have some lurking doubt. In this case, the lurking doubt is considered if it makes the court wonder if some miscarriage of justice was committed. This subjective test is strictly not based on the evidence received by the court; instead, it is based on the general feel of the case and the personal opinion of the judge(s) of the case. The precedent set by Lord Widgery in 1966 became the lurking doubt test for the appellate court, where each member of the bench c onsiders if the verdicts given are unsafe or unsatisfactory and then allows the conviction to pass or be quashed. The decision on whether the lurking doubt test should be consigned to history or still be used is based on the court itself and the trial jury. An analysis of different cases indicated that the test is still in use but can be arguable. From an analysis of Malleson’s () research into the use of the lurking doubt test, it is found that after Widgery’s introduction of the test in Cooper, 6 cases used the test between then and 1989.... inst a conviction if the court feels that the jury’s verdict should be discarded on the basis that the case is unsafe or not acceptable, or does not satisfy all conditions. Lord Widgery (1969) stated that a court must leave the objective part of a case and take a subjective measure to the case analysis. The subjective measure proposed by Widgery is that the court should decide whether to let the matter rest as it is or whether they have some lurking doubt. In this case the lurking doubt is considered if it makes the court wonder if some miscarriage of justice was committed.7 This subjective test is strictly not based on the evidence received by the court; instead it is based on the general feel of the case and the personal opinion of the judge(s) of the case. The precedent set by Lord Widgery in 1966 became the lurking doubt test for the appellate court, where each member of the bench considers if the verdicts given are unsafe or unsatisfactory and then allows the conviction t o pass or be quashed. The decision on whether the lurking doubt test should be consigned to history or still be used is based on the court itself and the trial jury. An analysis of different cases indicated that the test is still in use but can be arguable. From an analysis of Malleson’s () research into the use of the lurking doubt test, it is found that after Widgery’s introduction of the test in Cooper (1969),8 6 cases used the test between then and 1989. However, in 1990, of the 102 successful appeals, 6 of them included the aspect of the lurking doubt test, as compared to 14 out of 114 cases in 1992.9 In the 1992 cases, Malleson states that the 14 convictions were reversed based on the court’s opinion that the jury reached wrong decisions, despite the fact that no new evidence was

Staff Management Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Staff Management - Essay Example If we take these factors into consideration, we find that in hotels there is usually a respect for authority which makes the employees defer to their superiors and operate in the circle of ownership that they have over their jobs. Hence, what can be done within their purview, they do that well and leave the rest to the control system to tell them their specific duties. By empowering employees at all levels, Becker has introduced what can be called uncertainty in the decision-making the process as the case highlights how employees are unsure of what they are supposed to do and hence seeking direction on even the minute aspects. Though the intention here is not to belittle empowerment, there are places where employees need to be assigned specific jobs with clearly defined roles and responsibilities and this is one such instance (Joiner, 2001, 238). Individual behavior, in this case, is a classic example of how empowerment leads to the wrong results if not managed properly. The case ill ustrates the need for direct supervision along with clearly defined roles and responsibilities for the staff that stems from a command and control system with each level doing what they are supposed to do under strict conditions of regulation. Though the intentions of Becker are noble, he just happened to have implemented them in the wrong manner leading to the outcomes described in the case. In conclusion, it can be said that Becker was in the wrong place at the wrong time and with the wrong set of people. Organizational Culture The culture of the organization before Becker took over is an example of top-down control with limited autonomy at each level and employees at all levels being clearly told what to do and how to do it. Once Becker took over and started the process of empowerment, there was a "culture" shock in the hotel which led to chaos and confusion and loss of productivity and direction. These are all symptoms of how an organization reared in the culture of authoritarian decision making and centralized authority reacts when there is a shakeup in the way the organization goes about its business. As mentioned in the previous section, the intentions of Becker are noble but they just happened to be applied to the wrong organization (Ashkanasy, 2003, 303). The point here is that hotels can be run in autonomous fashion provided they have a culture of openness right from the beginning. And if changes to the culture are supposed to be brought in, they must be done in a gradual and graduated manner instead of introducing them all at once. This saves the organization and the employees in it a lot of trouble as culture shocks can be managed and the transition to another organizational culture done in an orderly and smooth manner. Hence, when introducing changes to the organizational culture, care must be taken to follow the due diligence process and not jump into unchartered territory (Schein, 1990, 90). The hotel described in the case was being run in an efficient manner with the culture being one of command and control with elements of delegation and role definition is clearly laid down. So, when Becker took over and started his reorganization methods, it did not go down too well with the employees who were used to a different