Cigarettes are Killing America :: Argumentative Persuasive Arguement

Cigarettes are Killing America This year alone cigarettes will kill over 420,000 Americans, and many more will suffer from cancers, and circulatory and respiratory system diseases1. These horrible illnesses were known to originate from cigarettes for years. Nicotine, the main chemical additive in cigarettes, was declared addictive by the Food and Drug Administration. This explains why smokers continue to use cigarettes even though smokers are aware of the constantly warned about health dangers in cigarettes. Although smokers constitute the majority of people who suffer from cigarettes, they are not the only ones ailing from cigarette smoke. As UC San Francisco scientist and author Stanton Glantz estimates in Shari Roan's article, the amount of second-hand smoke inhaled by the typical nonsmoker is equivalent to one cigarette smoked per day.1 Even that amount of cigarette smoke can damage a person's heart. Some researchers have also concluded that smoking by pregnant women causes the deaths of over 5,000 babies and 115,000 miscarriages.2 The only way to terminate the suffering and loss of life brought upon by cigarettes exists as a complete proscription on them. Opponents to the banning of cigarettes argue that it will create a profound negative impact on the economy. They do not realize that this nation places the health of its citizens above its financial status. Although many people continue to remain convinced that absolving our country of cigarettes does not merit some economical loss, this remains as a necessary step in eradicating our country of these virulent stiflers of life. For years cigarettes have been known to cause cancer, emphysema, and other horrible illnesses. The deaths of over 420,000 of Americans this year will be attributable to cigarettes. With all the other causes of preventable deaths, alcohol, illegal drugs, AIDS, suicide, transportation accidents, fires, and guns, cigarettes still account for more preventable deaths than those do combined, as stated by Lonnie Bristow M.D. of the American Medical Association at her speech to Indiana University.3 We can no longer stand aside and watch fellow Americans die because they smoke cigarettes. Thousands of smokers try to rid themselves of cigarettes but can't because of the physiological dependence they develop, chiefly imputable to its chemical additive nicotine.4 Nicotine was recently declared addictive by the Food and Drug Administration, which explains why many smokers continue to smoke despite the numerous health warnings on cigarette smoking. Although cigarettes do not offer as intense an ef fect as drugs like heroin and cocaine, they rank higher in the level of dependence it creates in the user.

Final reflection Essay

After the studying of this semester, my writing skills of business writing, reading skills, and communication skills had a progress. First of all, the process of writing is really important and significant. I learned the process which covers planning, composing and revising from this JGEN class. To be honest, it is really helpful. Before studying the process, I always feel the business writing is hard for me. Currently, I just need to follow the steps of the process and an effective business writing can be finished. In addition, for the business writing, I can use direct and indirect methods to respond the complaint messages, to give the customer’s negative messages and to provide the persuasive letters which attached with business goals. At the same time, the readers’ moods and the emotions which the messages convey also need to be considered. More than that, I was also benefit from the email and letter writing. The techniques of those writings not only can be used in business field, but also can be used to communicate with your teacher and family, etc. For example, I even don’t know the formatting of the email before this class. Moreover, for the resume and job application cover letter, I think it also extremely helpful, because finding jobs is the necessary and the first steps of our careers. The resume should be made personally and specially. Last but not least, the most important thing which I should state is the group project. I want to say that I really enjoy the whole process. From preparation of the report to performing of the presentation, I learned many things, like research skills, discussion which can share the ideas, and practice of the presentation. The effective communication of the group is really inevitable and we made it.

Partnership and Its Types Essay

A partnership arises whenever two or more people co-own a business, and share in the profits and losses of the business. Each person contributes something to the business — such as ideas, money, or property — though management rights and personal liability will vary. In Pakistan the partnership firms are registered under the partnership act 1932 which defines the partnership as â€Å"The relation between persons who have agreed to share the profits of a business carried on by all or any of them acting for all† There should be at least two or maximum twenty partners in a firm with the exception of banking where maximum of ten partners could make the partnership A partnership may be registered with the Registrar of Firms of an area where the office of the firm is situated or proposed to be situated. A statement in prescribed form must be delivered to the relevant Registrar stating: †¢Firm name †¢Place or principal place of business of the firm †¢Names of any other places where the firm carries on business †¢Date when each partner joined the firm †¢Names in full and permanent addresses of the partners †¢Duration of the firm †¢Foretasted statement signed and verified by each partner Types of partners Active or working partner: Such a partner contributes capital and also takes active part in the management of the firm. He bears an unlimited liability for the firm’s debts. He is known to outsiders. He shares profits of the firm. He is a full-fledged partner. 2. Sleeping or dormant partner: A sleeping or inactive partner simply contributes capital. He does not take active part in the management of the firm. He shares in the profits or losses of the firm. His liability for the firm’s debts is unlimited. He is not known to the outside world. 3. Secret partner: This type of partner contributes capital and takes active part in the management of the firm’s business. He shares in the profits and losses of firm and his liability is unlimited. However, his connection with the firm is not known to the outside world. 4. Limited partner: The liability of such a partner is limited to the extent of his share in the capital and profits of the firm. He is not entitled to take active part in the management of the firm’s business. The firm is not dissolved in the event of his death, lunacy or bankruptcy. 5. Partner in profits only: He shares in the profits of the firm but not in the losses. But his liability for the firm’s debts is unlimited. He is not allowed to take part in the management of the firm. Such a partner is associated for his money and goodwill. 6. Nominal: Such a partner neither contributes capital nor takes part in the management of business. He does not share in the profits or losses of the firm. He only lends his name and reputation for the benefit of the firm. He represents himself or knowingly allows himself to be represented as a partner. He becomes liable to outsiders for the debts of the firm. A nominal partner can be of two types: 7. Minor as a partner: A minor is a person who has not completed 18 years of age. A minor cannot become a partner because he is not qualified to enter into a contract. But he may be admitted to the benefits of partnership with the mutual consent of all the partners. On being so admitted, a minor becomes entitled to a share in the profits of the firm. He can inspect and copy the books of account of the firm but he cannot take active part in the firm’s management. His liability is limited to the extent of his share in the capital and profits of the firm. He cannot file a suit against the firm or its partners to get his share except when he wants to disassociate himself from the firm. After becoming a major, the minor must give a public notice within six months if e wants to break off his connections with the partnership firm. If he does not give such a notice within six months or if he decides to remain in the firm, he becomes liable to an unlimited extent for the debts of the firm from the date he was admitted to the benefits of partnership. He also becomes entitled to take active part in the management of the firm’s business. 8. Sub partner: He is a third person with whom a partner agrees to share his profits desired from the firm. He does not take part in the management of the firm. He is not liable for the firm’s debts.

Drama Performance Evaluation

In our most recent performance we created a play called â€Å"The Streets† In this my characters friend dies as he is shot by my brother. I have to show sadness towards his death during the slow motion reaction scene whilst also being shocked. When the scene comes to life I have to use body language and facial expression to show that at the same time. I am upset that my brother has shot my friend and that he took his to dislike towards him that far. Whilst being panicked and anxious, because I don’t know how to deal with the grief. I am searching for help, with my desperate pleas, but nobody is around to help me, as they are all in the same situation as my character. Everybody is dealing with same emotions. I think the piece was effective as the music throughout would have set the mood and atmosphere as the music is quite calming and relaxing, which contrasts with the harshness of the death. Also the â€Å"gangs† reaction is contrasted when they refuse to help him, and then later regret this decision. The sorrow begins to set in, the community will never be the same, as every single persons character is connected in some way to Tom. Whether that’s his friend, family or just someone who knew his family. We are all deeply affected by what has happened. During this performance we touch on the themes of domestic abuse, lies, relationships and drugs. The mood of the play stays the same throughout. As I was a gang member I had to change how I walked, the way I talked and my overall attitude and reactions to things to make it believable. I walked with a lisp, spoke in slang and reacted as if I thought that I was better than everyone else and that I could beat the all if it came to a fight. These are all the ways that I changed my character from my personality to get a higher mark. Of course costume was another factor to help me get in character. Overall I think that as a whole class we did very well, people remembered their cues and lines. Everyone knew what the next scene was. People used facial expressions to convey how they were feeling to the audience. And body language was used to make characters believable. Although of course there were some bad points, people lost focus and came out of character, people mimed actions and they were looking at the teacher whenever she didn’t get the lighting or music cues right. People also talked in between scenes. I would grade myself at a merit, as although it was effective towards the end, I lost my focus and it wasn’t clear as to who I was. As I became my comfortable with the audience being there then I began to become myself more and more towards the end of the performance which would obviously pull my grade down from a distinction.

Henry David Thoreau and His Contribution to Transcendentalism Essay

Henry David Thoreau, a French descendant, was born in 1817 in Concord, Massachusetts; a graduate of Harvard College with no literary distinction. Throughout his life he executed a very strong Saxon genius, as his ancestors had been known. As an ordinary young man, he began to work for a living. After his graduation, he joined his brother in teaching in a private school, which he stayed for a while. He later left to enter into manufacturing work – making a different and better pencil. He was successful in his business but refused doing the same thing. He went back to school to teach and deliver lectures; became a private tutor to children of prominent families. He got employment, yet his life seemed no meaning for he thought of doing what he is called for. Only by then he will find meaning in his existence. For his friends, he was full of courage, had good cheer and deep affection for his family. His love for a simple living moved him to devote most of his writing about natural surroundings and natural history. His natural inclination in philosophic views made him wrote, which as young Henry, displayed independent thoughts that caught Mr.  Ralph Waldo Emerson’s interest about the boy. A good friendship actually started there between Mr. Emerson and Henry Thoreau, which despite age difference and of temperamental impediments found deep and lasting friendship. Thoreau worked for the family as tutor for Emerson kids. From Thoreau’s friendship with Mr. Emerson his ideology and inclination to the philosophy of transcendentalism began. As Ian Ward stated, â€Å"The interest in transcendentalism that Thoreau shared with his sometime mentor, Ralph Waldo Emerson, was born of this gestation, as was the comparable rejection of ideology which underpinned this new intellectual divinity.† Henry David Thoreau and Transcendentalism Transcendentalism as a movement began as a radical religious movement, which is opposed to conservative institution, though the philosophical concept was developed by Plato. Historically, transcendentalism according to Peter Carafiol, â€Å"is an intellectual property growing out of Kant and mediated by English and German Romanticism. † Formerly, it was dissatisfaction with Unitarianism with congregationalism and Protestantism, and with Catholicism, as the Carafiol said. For the Americans, transcendentalism frustrates the desire for definition by leaving out so many out of the problems scholars have raised about it. It involves an interpretation rather than exposition. It is a mental and a spiritual attitude sought to find the source of all truth within the nature of man. It is actually in the sphere of religion; the narrower sense of Unitarianism of religion. Thoreau gave a new outlook for transcendentalism since he is inclined to nature and surroundings. He was by character a scientist, which was evident in his writings and works. And his growing idea of transcendentalism was often inclined with science, which was opposed to the belief of others that identified Thoreau in the line of the scientists while others recognized him as a philosopher. Alfred I. Tauber, stated that, â€Å"he put himself at odds both with the idealist moralizing philosophy of Emersonian Transcendentalism and with ascendant professionalized positivistic science which divorced nature from the knowing subject.† Indeed, he was able to draw unity to different engagement to intellectual inquiry that he had, and despite competing interests, as Tauber further stated, â€Å"Thoreau was able to follow his own path in studying nature, guided by the same fierce independence that marked both his experimentation in personal economy and his political advocacy† through which, the term transcendentalism has been applied to science known as the doctrine of metaphysical idealism. At this crossroads of Thoreau’s life emerged his contribution in Transcendentalism and the view about metaphysical idealism. Thoreau’s Contribution to Transcendentalism (development in Henry’s life) Thoreau had lived a normal life just like anybody else that observed and experienced negative sides of life. However, upon his realization, he chose to reside in a house in the woods alone for sometime. During his life, he made some contribution to the American transcendentalism. Remarkably, Thoreau’s writings from letters to books contributed to the spread of Transcendentalism during his period. It made a significant effect on many campaign against social unrest and to the development of the concept of the philosophy. Thoreau’s writings would actually tour the reader about his life and his contribution to the movement. The following are some of the contributions that attributed to the development in his life. Manhood and Race Henry David Thoreau as a young boy was often working with his mother at the farm grazing pastures. From this experience, he drew his love for solitude and communion with nature. Already associated with Emerson, he moved and lived in a small house alongside the northern shore of Walden Pond where he spent his life cultivating beans and other vegetables and taking care of animals. His many desperations and desperation that he had seen around developed in him representative isolation. He had seen slaves, laboring men; men out of desperation had to work continuously for economy. So, he conceptualized these figures in general which means, it is worldwide phenomena that â€Å"men labor under mistakes,† that men labor for others while â€Å"other men were captive to their enterprise.† This scenario had been recorded in his book â€Å"Slavery in Massachusetts† in which he made arguments about the complex contradiction between rich and poor and in the end he thought both slaves in their own way. At this point, he made his way to clearly redeem and redefine manhood. Manhood during his period he saw men in order to follow the trend had to compete against each other and to enjoy inequality in the world of capitalism and dissonance. On the other hand, transcendentalists view each person as infinite with emotion, intellect, creative, dynamic, subjective, imaginative, and visionary. This means equality of rights and enjoyment of the blessings of God on earth. Thoreau experienced living alone in the woods just to realize how to live truly free and uncommitted to establish an original relationship with nature. There, he raised his own food, observed nature, and explored his inner self. In his book Walden, it is stated: â€Å"God himself culminates in the present moment†¦And we are enabled to apprehend at all what is sublime and noble only by the perpetual instilling and drenching of the reality that surrounds us.† His Civil Disobedience July 1846 when Thoreau decided to go to town for a shoe repair, when he was arrested for not paying tax. As early as 1842 Thoreau refused from paying tax. In his statement he said, â€Å"I did not see why the schoolmaster should be taxed to support the priest and not the priest the schoolmaster†¦Ã¢â‚¬  Though, he was seen as a rebel for his refusal of paying his tax, yet for his contemporaries, it was a display of non-compromise, which is a sign of principle. Because the underlying question in this action was â€Å"how are to respond to injury and evil? † Thoreau in his book â€Å"Civil Resistance† evoked the existing positive meanings of resistance; for him, it does mean, in Ballou’s phrase, â€Å"resistance of injury with injury† In other’s opinion, his philosophy of non-violent reaction is avoidance of involving politics in the issue. His is enlightened liberalism- a close-minded and concerned with the individual conscience and not collective action. As it is said, â€Å"Thoreau’s civil disobedience is the choice he makes when he has no choice but to act. † Thoreau’s Last Event in His Life Throughout his lifetime, he devoted his time searching for natural philosophy and science. His book Walden had the details of natural facts that believed to be the foundation for his transcendental flights. His purpose is to integrate or use Science to support his idea of the philosophy. As a young boy, he used to recreate something for a change, for he saw beauty beyond something like changing the water wheel. His life in the farm gave a lot of realization in life. The beauty that he saw being a sensitive observer found meaning and significance to every angle and function of the world. At this point would enter spiritualized self that communes into that microcosm. During his latter year, he became more systematic in his intellectual reorientation of factual details of his natural surroundings. He already developed mastery of a complex symbolic of visionary insights. As David Robinson tried to emphasized, â€Å"Thoreau’s immersion in scientific study and his contribution to the science of his day must be emphasized, so must his ambivalence about this work, and his insistence that it has been within a larger framework of philosophical inquiry† After sometime in the Walden Pond, he decided to leave for he realized that he still had several more years to live. For him, it is a â€Å"necessary and positive gestures, the signs of an essential stance of openness to new experience. † Thoreau’s life at the Walden Pond provided him the most productive period of his literary life. While his new life outside the farm fulfilled his emotional need for companion. He continued living and died at age forty four due to tuberculosis in 1862. Conclusion Thoreau was just one of the many contributors of the modern transcendentalism but his ideology is closely associated with living simply in nature. His life experiences contributed to his ideology that made him preferred to live independently and alone for two years at the Walden Pond. Throughout his life, he devoted his time earning for a living and writing books, letters, poem, and stories that became a great source of knowledge about his view of transcendentalism. In the process, Thoreau’s life and writings had been an instrument in the institution of some movements. For instance, since his ideology is associated with the masses or for the poor, it served an inspiration for political changed of socialist counties. There is a spiritual and social implication to that ideology; that countries like Bulgaria could relate to that especially his Civil Disobedience book. However, we could say that Thoreau’s approach is more on individual communion with God and nature for self-contentment.

The ethical way forward for procurement of organs Essay

The ethical way forward for procurement of organs - Essay Example This dissertation attempts to evaluate the current practice in organ donation and evaluate the relevance of ethical and legal issues relating to it in the modern world. It will also contain an analysis of what procedure should be followed in the future for the procurement and transplantation of organs and tissues. The study will lay specific emphasis on: a) Issue of presuming consent for organ donation. b) Ethical and legal issues about the procurement of organs. c) Xenotransplantation. d) procurement of organs from other species e) Commoditization of organs Organ procurement is a significant practice in the medical industry since it profoundly aids in saving lives of people who have defects in the organs that are vital for their survival. It is a good thing to save lives of people whenever means are available to save life of the people with organ donation. Without adequate possibility of procurement of organs, these people would be disadvantaged. Therefore, procurement is extremely important for the welfare of humankind. However, in the present day, concerns regarding the whole system of organ procurement have arisen, bringing into light various ethical and legal issues relating to it. ... ground: According to the Medical Conditions Dictionary (2010), organ procurement is a set of procedures that includes the administrative, authoritative and ethical processes observed in the acquisition of organs for transplant via affiliations, systems or programmes. The organ procurement procedure refers to obtaining consent from the donors or their family and close relatives and the transportation of the organs harvested from the donor to the respective health centres for further medical processing and eventual transplant into the recipient. Organ procurement began as a basic endeavour when affiliations that specialized in kidney transplantation obtained organs and used them to save lives in the same facility. As the demand for organs grew and the transplantation of other organs, such as the heart, small intestines, pancreas, liver and lungs, became successful in practice, the need to develop enhanced and ethical organ procurement, distribution and sharing agreements became crucial (Mancini et al. 2010). Because of the high demand for organs for transplant in current times, numerous organizations, through the efforts of physicians, scholars and medical personnel, have started attempting to counteract the acute shortage to avoid deaths. The ever-increasing shortage of organs requires society to decide on specific yielding policies on procurement. In many countries, like the US, procurement of organs requires the explicit consent of the donor prior to his or her death. This policy is known as an opting-in system or expressed consent. In accordance with this policy, if an individual aspires to donate his organs after death, he should express this consent by signing a donor card. Explicit consent is always considered as the informed consent of prospective donors. This

The Production Choices to Achieve Trend Growth Assignment

The Production Choices to Achieve Trend Growth - Assignment Example The production possibility represents alternative combinations of different commodities which can be produced by the economy with the total available resources. In other words, the production possibility curve is the locus of all those points that represent different product combinations that an economy can attain by employing its total available resources to the fullest. For simplicity, let us assume that only two commodities (x and y) are being produced using the total available resources in an economy. In the following diagram, we plot units of x on the horizontal axis and units of y on the vertical axis. The curve AF represents the production possibility curve of the economy. If all the resources are devoted to the production of x then the country can get OF amount of x and no amount of y. On the other hand, if the total resources are devoted to producing y then the country can OF amount of y and no amount of x. since the resources are assumed to be fixed in quantity and since th ey are assumed to be fully employed with utmost efficiency, if though production of one commodity is increasing then that of the other will definitely decrease. For this reason, this curve is assumed to be downward sloping.   The coordinates of any point of AF curve shows the different product mix that is available to the economy to produce with the given amount of resources. Sot he country can produce at any point of the curve and achieve trend growth. If the supply of resources increase or a technological improvement takes place then the production possibility curve or production possibility frontier (PPF) will shift to the right from AF to A’F’. Any point on the curve (e.g. Point's’) implies full and efficient employment of the resources, that is, the maximum amount of output that an economy can produce in the most effective manner using the given amount of resources. Any point inside the curve (e.g. Point ‘g’) implies that production in the economy is taking place without using all the resources to the optimum level.     Ã‚